Previously he was Senior Fellow for International Economy, Director of the Energy and Climate Change Program, and Senior Research Associate at the Real Instituto Elcano in Madrid as well as the CAF Energy Fellow and Gulbenkian Fellow at the Center for Transatlantic Relations, Johns Hopkins University SAIS, in Washington. Recently he has also been a Climate Change Consultant for the World Resource Institute on land restoration in Latin America (WRI) and an Energy and Climate Change Consultant for the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) on low carbon transition. He is the Author of Energy and the Atlantic: The Shifting Energy Landscapes of the Atlantic Basin (2012); co-author and editor of The Future of Energy in the Atlantic Basin (2015), and of Energy and Transportation in the Atlantic Basin (2017), all at Brookings Press.