She has been Senior Vice-President and General Counsel of the World Bank Group and Secretary General of ICSID (2006-08), and she has been a member of the Executive Committee and Senior Vice-President for International Affairs of the French uranium company Areva (2008-09). From 1994 until 2002, she was a member of the European Parliament where she chaired Legal Affairs and Internal Market Committee as well as the Citizens Rights, Justice and Home Affairs Committee. She has a monthly column at Project Syndicateand is a visiting professor at the Edmund E. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University (USA). She sits on the many boards such as Enagás (Spanish gaz system), Pharmamar (biotechnology), and AEE Power (energy infrastructure), and the International Advisory Boards of Investcorp (a world-leading manager of alternative investments), Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP) and Governing Council of the Instituto de Empresa (business school). She is a member of the Board and of the Executive Committee of the Atlantic Council of the United States.